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Currently no tests are operational to detect the use of human growth hormone, insulin, IGFs, myostatin inhibitors, gene doping, and stem cell therapy.

Designer steroids exist, which are structurally manipulated anabolic steroids especially developed by chemists for athletes to be undetectable by the current doping tests (e.g. tetrahydrogestrinone or THG).

Several anabolic steroids, prosteroids, and precursor steroids are not yet classified as controlled substances, and are undetectable by current doping tests.

Several oral drugs, including anabolic steroids, are no longer than a few days or weeks traceable by current doping tests. Insulin disappears already a couple of hours after administration.

Epi-testosteron is used to mask the use of exogenous testosterone.

Adding certain chemicals to a urine or blood sample can cause a false negative doping test.

Oral masking drugs are taken to hide traces of doping products in the urine.

Urine samples can be diluted to make doping traces undetectable by drinking lots of water or using diuretics.

Using small amounts of many different drugs can keep the level of each individual drug low enough in the test sample to remain undetectable.

A very effective method that athletes use during doping tests is to give a clean urine sample instead of their own fresh urine sample. This clean urine can come from a donor, or can be prepared from powdered urine, which can be self-made or even bought on the internet. The clean urine is usually concealed in a container or can be injected into the athlete's bladder directly via a needle or via a catheter through the urethra.